Introduction

The field of 3D printing has been rapidly evolving, pushing the boundaries of what is possible in manufacturing. Recent advancements have expanded the range of materials that can be used, allowing for the creation of more complex and durable objects. Researchers at ETH Zurich and a US start-up have developed a groundbreaking technology that enables the 3D printing of robots with bones, ligaments, and tendons made of different polymers in one go. This new technology opens up a world of possibilities for the creation of highly functional and customizable robotic structures. In this article, we will explore the key features and applications of these 3D printed robots and discuss the advantages they offer over traditional metal robots.

The Advantages of Slow-Curing Polymers

Traditionally, 3D printing was limited to fast-curing plastics, which had certain limitations in terms of elasticity and durability. However, the development of slow-curing polymers has revolutionized the field. These polymers possess enhanced elastic properties and return to their original state much faster after bending compared to fast-curing plastics. One of the main advantages of these slow-curing polymers, such as thiol-ene polymers, is their ability to produce elastic ligaments for robotic structures.

Dr. Thomas Buchner, a doctoral student at ETH Zurich, explains, “We’re now using slow-curing thiol-ene polymers. These have very good elastic properties and return to their original state much faster after bending than polyacrylates”. This breakthrough allows for the creation of soft robots that are better suited for human interaction and delicate tasks, such as handling fragile objects.

The Role of 3D Printing Technology

The process of 3D printing robots with complex structures involves several key components. Traditionally, 3D printers produce objects layer by layer, with each layer being cured immediately by a UV lamp. However, slow-curing polymers present a challenge, as the previous method of using a device to scrape off surface irregularities after each curing step would not work with these materials.

To overcome this challenge, the researchers developed a new 3D printing technology that incorporates a 3D laser scanner to check each printed layer for surface irregularities in real time. Instead of smoothing out uneven layers, the technology adjusts the amount of material to be printed for the next layer, taking into account the irregularities identified by the scanner. This feedback mechanism ensures that each layer is printed accurately and compensates for any imperfections, resulting in a more precise and robust final product.

Applications of 3D Printed Robots

The ability to 3D print robots with bones, ligaments, and tendons opens up a wide range of applications in various industries. Soft robots, in particular, offer unique advantages over traditional metal robots in terms of safety and flexibility. Due to their soft and elastic nature, they pose less risk of injury when working with humans and are better suited for delicate tasks. Let’s explore some of the potential applications of these 3D printed robots:

1. Healthcare and Rehabilitation

Soft robots have significant potential in the field of healthcare and rehabilitation. The ability to 3D print robots with bones, ligaments, and tendons allows for the creation of robotic prosthetics that closely mimic the natural movement of human limbs. These prosthetics can be customized to fit individual patients and can greatly improve their quality of life.

Furthermore, soft robots can be used in rehabilitation settings to assist patients in regaining mobility and strength. The flexibility and adaptability of these robots make them ideal for assisting with exercises and providing support during therapy sessions.

2. Manufacturing and Assembly

In the manufacturing industry, soft robots can revolutionize the assembly process. Their soft and flexible nature allows them to handle delicate components without causing damage. These robots can be programmed to perform intricate tasks, such as soldering, gripping, and assembly, with precision and accuracy.

By 3D printing robots with bones, ligaments, and tendons, manufacturers can create customized robotic systems tailored to specific assembly requirements. This level of customization can lead to increased efficiency and reduced production costs.

3. Exploration and Rescue Missions

Soft robots can also play a crucial role in exploration and rescue missions in challenging environments. Their ability to navigate tight spaces and adapt to different terrains makes them well-suited for tasks such as search and rescue operations in disaster-stricken areas or exploring uncharted territories.

By utilizing 3D printing technology, researchers can rapidly prototype and produce robots for specific missions, reducing time and cost constraints. These robots can be equipped with sensors and cameras to gather valuable data and assist in critical decision-making processes.

Conclusion

The development of 3D printed robots with bones, ligaments, and tendons represents a significant advancement in the field of robotics. The use of slow-curing polymers and the integration of 3D scanning technology have enabled the creation of highly functional and customizable robotic structures. These soft robots offer numerous advantages over traditional metal robots, including improved safety, flexibility, and adaptability.

The applications of these 3D printed robots are vast and varied, ranging from healthcare and rehabilitation to manufacturing and exploration. As researchers continue to explore the possibilities of this technology, we can expect to see even more sophisticated structures and applications emerge. The future of robotics is undoubtedly being shaped by the combination of 3D printing and advanced materials, opening up exciting opportunities for innovation and problem-solving in various industries.